The Craftsman bungalow is a particularly American version of the bungalows found at the English seaside, which itself originated in India. The one-story thatch-roofed native houses in the province of Bengal were called “banggolo” or “bangla.” British colonists adapted these houses for use as summer homes, adding deep verandas to shelter themselves from the sun. The kitchens, dining room, bedrooms, and bathrooms were arranged around central living rooms. This efficient plan was adopted by American architects. Bungalows exemplify structural simplicity, efficient use of space, and understated style.
Greene and Greene are credited with developing bungalow style. The houses they built in California in the early 1900s were influenced by the austere beauty of Japanese houses as well as the tenets of the Arts and Crafts movement. Their houses were widely publicized in magazines and received enthusiastically by the growing middle class. Soon a flood of pattern books made plans for the Craftsman bungalow available across the country. By 1920, the bungalow had become the common builder’s house throughout America.
The Craftsman bungalow has many variations in style, but it is usually a one or one-and-a-half story house with a low-pitched, gabled roof. The roof usually extends to cover a large porch, and a small gable shelters the front door. The rafter tails are ordinarily exposed. Porch columns can be made of wood or stone. They are large and square, resting on pedestals that rise out of the foundation and also function as endposts for the porch railings. The foundations are often built from local stone, blending earth and house in a way much admired by the Arts and Crafts movement. The Craftsman bungalow is characterized by the use of natural materials, an emphasis on structural form, and the integration of interior and exterior spaces.
The windows of a Craftsman bungalow are carefully proportioned to harmonize with the lines of the house. Typically, they are outlined with wood molding. Four-over-1 or 6-over-1 sash windows are the most common, although leaded diamond shapes or other geometric patterns are also common. Stained-glass motifs were sometimes included in the design.
Inside, the most distinctive element of the Craftsman bungalow is the use of wood. Walls are paneled, floorboards are polished, and ceiling timbers are exposed. The grain and color of the natural wood is part of the beauty of the style. Local materials are favored here as well; depending on the area in which the house is located, cedar, oak, fir, or mahogany may be used. California bungalows display redwood doors and paneling, and cypress wainscotting is found in the Southwest. Eastern bungalows are often paneled in chestnut, since it was oversupplied when the chestnut blight swept through the forests.
The Arts and Crafts ethic is also expressed in the interior layout of the Craftsman bungalow. The large, relaxing front porch replaces the formal entry hall, and the front door opens directly into the living room. Interior space is free-flowing, with the living room open to the dining room. Communal space, rather than private space, was desirable.
As beautiful as it is practical, the Craftsman bungalow is still a desirable style for Americans.









